Over the past two centuries, there has been an unprecedented rise in longevity, making aging one of the greatest challenges of our time. On the current trajectory, one in six people worldwide will be aged 60 years or over by 2030, and 2.1 billion individuals will be older than age 60 by 2050. An aging population has significant implications for societies and economies, including increased healthcare costs in developed countries and a negative impact on economic growth due to a shrinking working-age population and a rising old-age dependency ratio. However, economic slowdowns attributable to population aging can be mitigated through policy interventions that support healthy and active aging.Focusing on identifying targets and new molecular pathways for developing anti-aging therapies is fundamental. Aging results from the accumulation of various molecular and cellular damage over time, which can be tracked by measuring aging hallmarks.Telomeres, central to aging hallmarks, shorten with each cell division, limiting the number of times a cell can divide and inducing proliferation arrest, senescence, or apoptosis of somatic cells, thereby affecting an individual’s health and lifespan. Conserving telomere length predicts exceptional longevity and health in old age, making telomere attrition a primary hallmark of aging.Accelerated or excessive telomere shortening is associated with an increased risk of several age-related diseases and all-cause mortality. Telomere shortening plays a critical role in cardiovascular pathologies such as coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and skeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Additionally, shorter telomeres are linked to Alzheimer’s disease, poor immune function, age-related macular degeneration, reduced fertility, type 2 diabetes, liver diseases, acquired bone marrow failure syndromes, and kidney pathologies.Scientific evidence shows that the biological process of aging can be slowed down, promoting healthy longevity. Numerous variables influence telomere length, including lifestyle, environmental, dietary, and therapeutic factors. There is a strong connection between telomere length and stress; newborn telomere length is shorter in proportion to the mother's stress levels during pregnancy, and adverse life events and stressors in adulthood also correlate with shorter telomeres. A healthy lifestyle (non-smoking, physical activity, optimal body weight, healthy diet, and moderate alcohol consumption) is significantly associated with longer telomeres. Environmental and social factors, such as living or working in polluted conditions and lack of social support, are linked to shorter telomere length.Given the evidence that telomere length can be modulated by various factors, the impact of lifestyle changes, supplements, and pharmacological interventions on telomeres has been examined. Data shows that individuals engaged in physical activity interventions had increased telomere length compared to controls. Similar increases were reported in men following comprehensive changes in diet, activity, stress management, and social support, and in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity after healthy diet and physical exercise interventions. Improved lifestyle, including nutrition, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk management, in people at risk for dementia was also associated with maintaining telomere length.Regarding supplements, many have been found to increase telomere length and prevent their accelerated shortening, re-establishing healthy homeostasis. Notably, TA-65, a dietary supplement derived from the Chinese traditional medicine herb Astragalus membranaceus, is specifically effective on extremely short telomeres.